
I came across a
study published in
Nutrition Today that suggested we may be overlooking the potential health benefits of
natural resistant starch. I thought to myself, what is this stuff anyway? And it certainly doesn't sound very appetizing either. I breathed relief when I learned that natural resistant starch is a type of
dietary fiber that is consumed in a variety of carbohydrate-rich foods such as beans, bananas and cold potatoes--and even
my favorite legume--lentils.
Curious, I did some exploring and found that a recent conference, "The New Fiber Story: Natural Resistant Starch," brought together top experts from around the world who touted the health benefits of natural resistant starch that somehow ferments in the large intestine. And guess what? They say this dietary fiber could help with
weight control,
diabetes management and
digestive health.
"The key to these benefits is the way resistant starch is digested, said
Dr. David Topping a senior scientist, CSIRO National Research Flagships, Australia. While most starches are digested in the small intestine and absorbed as sugar, resistant starch gets its name because it resists digestion until it reaches the large intestine. There, through fermentation, it takes on many of the roles of other undigested carbohydrates long recognized as dietary fiber -- while providing some unique additional benefits, " according to an October 16 press release.
Constipation,
colorectal cancer,
diabetes, and
inflammatory bowel disease are emerging as serious issues in developing countries as their levels of prosperity rise, as well as in affluent westernized countries, according to Topping, adding that fiber is the key to lowering the risk of these diseases. "It is no secret that we need much more fiber in our diet but it is the type of fiber that can make real improvements in our health."
Here are some highlights from the conference, according to the press release:Dr. Janine Higgins, Assistant Professor, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, reviewed research showing how resistant starch lowers the post-prandial glucose and insulin impact of foods, improves insulin sensitivity and may increase satiety -- all important factors in reducing weight gain and risk for diabetes. She presented research indicating that consuming resistant starch makes the body prioritize fat metabolism over carbohydrate metabolism. This "fat burning" effect of resistant starch could result in lower body fat in humans, which has been seen in animal studies, if consumed over the long-run. Dr. Higgins also shared new research demonstrating that resistant starch prevented weight re-gain after weight loss almost as much as exercise in animals.
Dr. Michael Keenan, Associate Professor, Division of Human Nutrition and Food, Louisiana State University AgCenter, demonstrated how natural RS is fermented by the bacteria in the large intestine where they produce short-chain fatty acids.
Dr. Keenan's research shows that these fatty acids turn on the production of two gut hormones, Peptide YY ("PYY") and Glucagon-like peptide-1 ("GLP-1") that play an important role in signaling our bodies to start or stop eating. Surprisingly, cellulose, another dietary fiber that provides bulking but is not fermented, did not have the same effect. According to Dr. Keenan, gastric bypass surgery also results in increased levels of these two hormones. Dr. Keenan shared new research demonstrating that high levels of dietary fat interfere with the fermentation of natural RS and prevents the increase in GLP-1 and PYY that is seen with low and moderate fat diets. This indicates that the fermentation process may be even more important than caloric intake.
Dr. Topping also explained how dietary consumption of resistant starch may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and other colonic diseases. African Americans have high rates of large bowel disease, but native populations, such as in South Africa, that consume traditional diets high in unrefined grains have very low rates of these diseases. It had been believed that the traditional diets were high in fiber, but they are actually not -- they are high in resistant starch. The fermentation of this naturally occurring resistant starch may be responsible for the reduced rate of disease.
Should I eat more natural resistant starch? No, we don't need to start gorging ourselves on beans, pasta, rice and bananas. Instead, we need to set "doable goals," about eating more resistant starch, according to
Hope Warshaw, an author and diabetes expert. She said that it's important to make small behavior changes that could lead to big impacts on health.
Warshaw and
Oldways, a small food-related think tank that sponsored the recent conference, are calling for Americans to start by simply doubling their resistant starch intake.
"Americans consume just less than 5 grams of resistant starch daily, on average, while scientists suggest 15-20 grams or more may be optimum for health. In countries where rice and pasta are diet staples, resistant starch intake is more than double our national average, and in China it is almost 3 times greater, said K. Dun Gifford, president, Oldways in the October 16 press release. "Consumers can double their current resistant starch intake easily by enjoying beans or bananas, or cold potatoes, rice and pasta which all contain naturally-occurring resistant starch."
Now, I know from personal experience that some of these resistant startches, like beans and pasta, really bother me. And for those who have
Celiac Disease, eating pasta that isn't gluten free is a no-no. So even though the latest news about the possibility of the health benefits of resistant starches are too important to ignore, not all foods will work for everyone. That's why it's important to understand your body and how it reacts to the foods you eat. It's helpful to keep a food journal so you can see how you feel after you eat certain foods.
And if you're experiencing ongoing bouts of constipation, bloating, gas, abdominal pain and/or diarrhea--you should see your doctor. It may be helpful to ask your doctor, nutritionist or other health provider if you should or how you can work these resistant statches into your diet, especially if you have diabetes or another health condition, or are trying to control your weight.
FYI Here is a good
Q & A on Resistant Starch that I found on About.com
All the best,
Gastro Girl